America has become the land of the sirens. In my hometown of Annapolis, Maryland, a public safety vehicle goes screaming by several times an hour. That’s disturbing on several levels. First off, it’s alarming to think that a seemingly peaceful city is so full of danger and tragedy. And second, it’s just damn annoying.
I travel a lot abroad, and I can tell you this is not normal. I hear more sirens in Annapolis than I did in Tokyo, Sydney, Barcelona, Athens – hell, anywhere not the United States. This doesn’t seem to be a problem in rural America, but in every sizeable American city I have visited, it’s a symphony of sirens day in and day out.
So, either urban America is super susceptible to emergencies, or we just like to make a lot of racket. Regardless, it’s gotten out of control. As I write this, I can hear three different emergency vehicles responding to several calls.
I was curious how this whole noisy business got started.
In the 1650s, New York firefighters carried and rang small bells as they approached a fire to warn residents. Later, fire departments used large bells mounted on fire stations or church belfries to summon volunteer firefighters. This practice still lives on in small-town America. It’s essentially a call for community help.
The first sirens were invented in the late 1700s, originally for musical and scientific purposes. They were cumbersome and impractical for vehicles, relying on compressed air to function.
Early police officers walked their beats and used whistles to sound an alarm and alert people to danger.
As horse-drawn fire and police wagons came into use, large bells or gongs were mounted on the apparatus to signal their approach.
With the advent of the motorized vehicle and increasing city traffic in the early 20th century, the police and firefighters decided they needed a louder, more piercing warning sound. The public was not consulted on this matter because it was a matter of public safety, and no one ever gets to question those kinds of decisions.
The first sirens on fire engines were manually operated, with an officer sitting next to the driver, hand-cranking the device.
In the 1920s, motorized versions of the mechanical sirens gained popularity. One of the most famous models was the “Model M” electric siren from the Sterling Siren Fire Alarm Company.
The distinctive, wailing sound of the Federal “Q” mechanical siren has been a staple of fire departments since 1946. The Q-siren is an electromechanical device. The siren is housed in a polished chrome casing, making it a prominent feature on the front of many fire trucks. It is designed to be durable and withstand rugged use. An electric motor rapidly spins a rotor, or “chopper,” which pushes a large volume of air through openings in the casing, producing its classic, high-pitched wail. The sound of a Q-siren’s coast-down sound is instantly identifiable. The trademarked sound is generated by a heavy-duty “coaster clutch” that allows the siren to continue its wailing sound for an extended period after the power is disengaged. The Q-siren is extremely loud, producing around 123 decibels at 10 feet. It is highly effective at long distances, providing a clear warning to traffic and pedestrians. It’s like standing next to a jet taking off, or having a gun go off by your ear, only prolonged.
But do sirens really work? Do they increase public safety? And why do they have to be so loud?
This is where it gets interesting. Research indicates that the use of lights and sirens increases the risk of crashes and may not significantly improve patient outcomes in most situations.
Studies have found that using lights and sirens is associated with a higher rate of ambulance crashes. The increase in crash risk is especially significant during the transport phase.
Modern vehicles are better insulated, and many drivers are distracted by music, cell phones, or fatigue. This “cocoon effect” can prevent a driver from hearing a siren until the emergency vehicle is very close, sometimes within just 26 to 40 feet.
Even when drivers hear a siren, their reactions can be unpredictable, creating more hazards.
Research suggests that using sirens does not save a clinically significant amount of time in most emergency medical situations. A 2024 report by the National EMS Quality Alliance (NEMSQA) found that lights and sirens did not save much time but did increase ambulance crashes.
Emergency medical services (EMS) providers note that overuse of sirens can lead to the public tuning them out and ignoring them.
And, adding insult to injury, first responders who are constantly exposed to high-decibel sirens can suffer from premature hearing loss.
I was walking up Main Street the other day, and a fire engine went by, going about two miles per hour on the crowded street, and my eardrums almost exploded. Little children were covering their ears. Babies were crying. Dogs were barking. The volume of the siren echoing between the buildings was actually painful. And there was no fire on Main Street, so why were they even taking that route on the busiest street in town?
We now live in a world where the daily background sound consists of emergency vehicle alarms. It is the new normal. We don’t even question it. It’s just there, all the time.
So, why do we continue with this constant assault upon our senses?
I think I know why.
First off, the emergency responders love to careen around our streets blasting their horns and flashing their lights because it makes them feel important. If you have ever been inside a fire engine or police car en route to an emergency like I have, it’s an incredible adrenaline rush. You feel super important. Everyone gets out of your way. People stare at you in obedient fear. The rules of the road do not apply to you. You own the town in that moment. And it’s addictive.
Second, there is a not-so-subtle message being sent to the people at large. You are not safe. The world is a dangerous place. But we are here to protect you 24/7. Your tax dollars are being well spent. We will protect you from harm.
Police, firefighters, and EMTs do a helluva job. I am not criticizing their performance or dedication. But they don’t need to create such an uproar. It’s that simple.
In Europe and Asia, emergency vehicles have alarms that are much quieter, sounding like a goose or a clown car. It’s almost comical. They often just turn on the flashing lights unless it’s a major emergency. Somehow, they still manage to get the job done. Today’s electronic sirens offer multiple distinct tones (wail, yelp, phaser, etc.) that can be customized to match the vehicle type. They don’t have to be ear-splittingly loud.
So, let’s lower the volume and stop causing such a ruckus. The hearing we save may just be our own.
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